Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 7 Articles
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral Hemorrhagic Fever of the Nairovirus genus, family Bunyavirida. CCHF virus is a tick borne virus that causes a severe hemorrhagic disease in human with a case fatality rate of 30%.it is endemic in many countries. This present review summaries epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis transmission, risk factors, signs and symptoms, clinical features, diagnosis prophylaxis & treatment, medical care and prevention and control....
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which a person has memory problems greater than those expected for his or her age. Mild Cognitive Impairment is the condition in which patient shows only a short-term memory loss and no other decline in thought process that can be measured objectively in a medical evaluation.. Mild cognitive impairment has been called questionable dementia, an isolated short-term memory loss, an amnestic dementia, a mild neuropsychological decline, possible or probable alzheimer’s disease(AD), and many other terms. Different subtypes of MCI are recognized. One common classification distinguishes between amnestic and nonamnestic forms of MCI. In the current review article we have reviewed different evaluation methods for memory impairment in MCI, and identify the primary issues in understanding memory impairment in MCI and selecting tasks with diagnostic and prognostic value. Evaluation of MCI is done by various methods like, neuro-psychiatric interview, comprehensive neurological exams, written neuro-psychiatric evaluation tools, Clock drawing test, free and cued selective reminding test (FCSR), physical examination and laboratory tests, electrophysiologic testing including EEG, MRI, MR Spectroscopy, serologic and CSF testing, brain imaging, Each test has its own merits and demerits, hence selection of right diagnostic method is very crucial....
This study was conducted in a tertiary care referral centre to find out the frequency of prescription errors among various clinical departments. The study also intended to find out different types of prescription errors commonly observed from various clinical departments. Here, the errors are classified according to American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) guidelines. The study was conducted in August and September 2009. To find out prescription errors, the discharge summaries of patients discharged with medication advice were thoroughly scrutinized and the errors were recorded. The percentage of prescription errors is calculated department wise and is tabulated. The total percentage of prescription errors came to 12.07 %. Most common type of error was found to be ‘drug – food’ interactions....
Diabetes is a syndrome characterized by relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose output. Medications used to treat the disease are designed to correct one or more of these metabolic abnormalities. Type 1 diabetes depend on exogenous insulin to prevent hyperglycemia and avoid ketoacidosis. Current recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) include diet and exercise as first-line therapy plus hypoglycemic drugs. The aim of this review is to describe the recent developments and future trends in the management of diabetes mellitus. Pancreas regeneration, islet cell transplantation, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and various medication classes will be discussed....
Probiotics is the science of administering living bacteria to treat or prevent a clinical disorder. It is the opposite of antibiotics or the killing of bacteria. The usefulness of probiotics has been known for thousands of years. Probiotics are live strains of bacteria, which help our digestive system work efficiently, e.g. bifidus, lactobacillus and acidophilus. With food processing, pollution and antibiotic therapy, the numbers of bacteria living naturally in our gut are reduced, and research has shown that active consumption of bacteria increases the size of intestinal colonies, thereby improving digestion of food. Moreover, numerous studies have also shown that with optimal numbers of ‘good’ bacteria, the immune system is improved, increasing our ability to fight disease. Probiotics may also have a role in reducing the severity of food allergies and intolerances. The global probiotics food and drinks market was estimated to be worth about $15.9 billion in 2008 and is projected to reach a value of $28.8 billion by 2015 growing at a CAGR of 11.7% from 2008 to 2015. It is emerging as a major opportunity for research driven Indian drug companies like Dr. Reddy’s, Glenmark Alkem Labs and US Vitamins. Recent review includes general introduction of Probiotics, Efficacy of Probiotics in various diseases and Standard for Probiotics Products, Health claims, global and Indian market along with its future aspects....
Pregnant women are considerably more likely to develop serious complications from swine flu. The World Health Organization states that up to 10% of all hospitalized patients with swine flu are women with three months pregnancy. During pregnancy, the immune system of women is naturally suppressed and is additionally prone to various viral infections and complications. The risk of complications (including miscarriage and premature labour) is highest during the later stages of pregnancy. Though about 6% of the deaths in the Developed States from H1N1 virus have been pregnant women. H1N1 virus Vaccines have been developed to protect against the swine flu. There are Four USFDA approved different brands of vaccine: Sanofi Pasteur’s injected vaccine , CSL’s injected vaccine , Novartis’s injected and Med Immune’s live virus nasal spray are available to till date....
Clinical pharmacy is a new and yet unexplored discipline of pharmacy in India that has proven itself into a very promising part of patient care and service in many other countries abroad .A clinical pharmacist can make himself invaluable in the health care team by obtaining medication histories, counsel patients, review treatment regimens, monitor drug therapy, supply drug information, report ADRs, conduct drug-use evaluations, prepare monographs, formulary consideration and provide poison control services. The neglected state of clinical pharmacy in India has started undergoing promising changes in the recent past .A hand full of hospitals in India has even started recognizing the necessity of clinical pharmacy in the hospital set up and started initiatives to provide a full fletched patient service program in their hospitals. This branch of pharmacy is gaining new importance in patient follow up and drug reactions monitoring and a variety of other added patient services and support to increase patient satisfaction and to obtain the maximum efficiency in drug therapy....
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